Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman, writer, translator, publicist, critic, art critic. From October 1917 to September 1929 - the first People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, an active participant in the revolution of 1905 and the October Revolution.

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (February 1, 1930). In 1896-1898, the young Lunacharsky traveled to France and Italy, and in 1898 he came to Moscow, where he began to engage in revolutionary work. In 1904, after the end of his exile, Lunacharsky moved to Kiev, and then to Geneva, where he became a member of the editorial boards of the Bolshevik newspapers Proletary and Vperyod.